Human Dermal Decellularized ECM Hydrogels as Scaffolds for 3D In Vitro Skin Aging Models.

Biomaterials play an important role in the development of advancing three dimensional (3D) in vitro skin models, providing valuable insights for drug testing and tissue-specific modeling. Commercial materials, such as collagen, fibrin or alginate, have been widely used in skin modeling. However, they do not adequately represent the molecular complexity of skin components. On this regard, the development of novel biomaterials that represent the complexity of tissues is becoming more important in the design of advanced models. In this study, we have obtained aged human decellularized dermal extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels extracted from cadaveric human skin and demonstrated their potential as scaffold for advanced skin models. These dECM hydrogels effectively reproduce the complex fibrillar structure of other common scaffolds, exhibiting similar mechanical properties, while preserving the molecular composition of the native dermis. It is worth noting that fibroblasts embedded within human dECM hydrogels exhibit a behavior more representative of natural skin compared to commercial collagen hydrogels, where uncontrolled cell proliferation leads to material shrinkage. The described human dECM hydrogel is able to be used as scaffold for dermal fibroblasts in a skin aging-on-a-chip model. These results demonstrate that dECM hydrogels preserve essential components of the native human dermis making them a suitable option for the development of 3D skin aging models that accurately represent the cellular microenvironment, improving existing in vitro skin models and allowing for more reliable results in dermatopathological studies.

Nuevas formas de motivación en la enseñanza de la anatomía humana / New forms of motivation in the teaching of human anatomy

Introducción: Las nuevas generaciones de alumnos (generación Z o nativa digital) en la actualidad han provocado la necesidad de implantar nuevas metodologías docentes en las que el alumnado sea un sujeto activo y participativo en su propio proceso de aprendizaje. Entre estas metodologías, el uso del aprendizaje basado en juegos puede considerarse una alternativa que refuerce a la clásica ‘clase magistral’ y las clases prácticas en la docencia universitaria. Sujetos y métodos: Utilización del aprendizaje basado en juegos (juegos serios) en los alumnos matriculados de la asignatura de Anatomía Humana I (Aparato Locomotor), de primer curso del grado de Medicina en la Universidad de Zaragoza. Resultados: El uso de esta metodología ha sido valorado, mediante encuesta de evaluación de respuesta voluntaria, de manera muy positiva, haciendo hincapié en el efecto que tiene sobre la motivación, la participación y la integración de contenidos teóricos y prácticos. Conclusión: El aprendizaje basado en juegos debe considerarse como una potente alternativa que mejora la motivación, la participación y la integración de contenido en el aula de educación superior.(AU)

Introduction: The new generations of students, such as the current generation Z or digital natives, have provoked the need to implement new teaching methodologies where students are active and participative subjects in their own learning process. Among these methodologies, the use of game-based learning can be considered an alternative to reinforce the classic ‘master class’ in university teaching. Subjects and methods: Use of game-based learning (serious games), in students enrolled in the subject of Human Anatomy I (Locomotor System), first year of the Degree of Medicine at the Universidad de Zaragoza. Results: The use of this methodology has been evaluated, by means of a voluntary evaluation survey, in a very positive way, emphasizing the effect on motivation, participation and integration of theoretical and practical contents. Conclusion: Game-based learning should be considered as a powerful alternative that improves motivation, participation and content integration in the higher education classroom.(AU)

Evolución de la producción científica generada sobre la dehiscencia del canal semicircular posterior / Evolution of the scientific production generated on posterior semicircular canal dehiscence

Introducción: La dehiscencia del canal semicircular posterior es una vestibulopatía rara, de baja prevalencia y cuya sintomatología se explica por el fenómeno de la tercera ventana. No fue hasta 2003 cuando Krombach describe los primeros casos. Objetivo: Evaluar mediante análisis bibliométrico y temático la producción científica sobre trabajos de dehiscencia del canal semicircular posterior (DCSP) y su incidencia a nivel de la comunidad científica mediante una revisión bibliográfica. Método: Se realiza búsqueda, revisión, selección y estudio a partir de ítems relacionados con DCSP indexados en la base de datos Pubmed, Web of Science, Alcorze y Scopus, desde el año 2003 hasta 2019, seleccionando 90 artículos. Resultados: Los 90 artículos han sido publicados en un total de 48 revistas, siendo 52% originales, 38% casos clínicos, 9% revisiones y 1% conferencias. La temática predominante fue la clínica (32%) y la etiología (27%). Los artículos estaban escritos en ocho idiomas diferentes, predominando el inglés (85%), y siendo Estados Unidos el país con más publicaciones (42%). Los índices de actividad institucional y autoría son bajos. La calidad de las revistas es alta, ya que el 70% de las publicaciones se encontraban en los cuartiles Q1-Q2. El área principal es Otorrinolaringología, con 66 trabajos, seguida por Radiología con 14. El número de descargas fue 6958, con una media de 77,31 por artículo, y las citaciones fueron 1193, equivalente a una media de 13,25. Conclusión: Los datos bibliométricos revelan cómo los trabajos sobre dehiscencia del canal semicircular posterior representan una pequeña producción científica, el tema está en fase de crecimiento sostenido, los índices de autoría, institucionalidad y colaboración son bajos y las publicaciones se concentran en pocas revistas, con una orientación claramente anglófona, pero de alta calidad e importante visualización. (AU)

Introduction: The dehiscence of the posterior semicircular canal is a rare vestibulopathy, of low prevalence and whose symptomatology is explained by the phenomenon of the third window. It was not until 2003 that Krombach described the first cases. Objective: Evaluate the scientific production about the dehiscence of the posterior semicircular canal (DCSP) by a bibliometric and thematic analysis and observes its incidence at the scientific community level. Method: A search with subsequent review, selection and study was carried out using items related to DCSP indexed in the Pubmed, Web of Science, Alcorze and Scopus databases, from 2003 to 2019, selecting a total of 90 articles. Results: The 90 articles have been published in a total of 48 magazines. 52% were originals, 38% clinical cases, 9% reviews and 1% conferences. Clinical (32%) and etiology (27%) were the main themes. The articles were written in eight different languages, predominantly English (85%), and the United States has been the country with the highest number of publications (42%). Institutional activity and authorship rates are low. The quality of the journals is high: 70% of the publications were in the Q1-Q2 quartiles. The main area corresponds to otorhinolaryngology, with a total of 66 works, followed by radiology (14). The total number of downloads was 6958, with an average of 77.31 per article and the total citations were 1193, 13.25 per article. Conclusions: The bibliometric results reveal how the works on dehiscence of the posterior semicircular canal present a small scientific production, the subject is in a phase of sustained growth, the authorship, institutional and collaboration index are low, the publications are concentrated in a few journals of high quality and important visualization, with a clearly anglophone orientation. (AU)

End-To-End Procedure For IORT in Brain Metastases and Film Dosimetry.

Purpose: The study is intended to perform an end-to-end test of the entire intraoperative process using cadaver heads. A simulation of tumor removal was performed, followed by irradiation of the bed and measurement of absorbed doses with radiochromic films. Materials and Methods: Low-energy X-ray intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) was used for irradiation. A computed tomography study was performed at each site and the absorbed doses calculated by the treatment planning system, as well as absorbed doses with radiochromic films, were studied. Results: The absorbed doses in the organs at risk (OAR) were evaluated in each case, obtaining maximum doses within the tolerance limits. The absorbed doses in the target were verified and the deviations were <1%. Conclusions: These tests demonstrated that this comprehensive procedure is a reproducible quality assurance tool which allows continuous assessment of the dosimetric and geometric accuracy of clinical brain IORT treatments. Furthermore, the absorbed doses measured in both target and OAR are optimal for these treatments.

Anatomical study about the variations in renal vasculature.

Renal vascularization is classically described as a renal artery and vein. However, this vascular pattern presents numerous anatomical variations in terms of their number, origin and course due to ontogenetic alterations. The aim was to carry out a descriptive study of the renal vascular pattern observed during the dissection of cadavers intended for teaching purposes. A descriptive and observational study of renal vascular anatomy was carried out by dissecting 16 renal blocks from 8 cadavers donated to science and used for teaching at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Zaragoza. The prevalence of arterial variations was 75% (56.3% for polar renal arteries, 12.5% for pre-hilar branching and 6.25% for double communicating arterial arch) and venous was 62.5% (12.5% for polar renal veins, 25% for late venous confluence, 6.25% for triple renal vein and 18.75% for double circumaortic renal vein). We conclude that the renal vascular anomalies occur with high frequency; for this reason, knowledge of these anomalies is extremely important for the correct planning of numerous medical-surgical activities.

Impacto del SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) en la docencia teórico-práctica de la neuroanatomía humana / Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) on the theoretical-practical teaching of human neuroanatomy

Introducción: Durante el curso 2019-2020, debido a la situación provocada por la COVID-19, Neuroanatomía humana (cuarto semestre, grado de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza), que en condiciones normales combina teoría y práctica presenciales, se planteó de manera telemática, mediante la aportación al alumnado de material didáctico a través de la intranet Anillo Digital Docente-Moodle© e Instagram©, así como por tutorías vía Google Meet©. Material y métodos: Con objeto de poder comprobar el grado de satisfacción de la docencia teórico-práctica presencial frente a la telemática, se realizaron con el alumnado dos cuestionarios (pre-COVID-19 y durante la COVID-19) de cuatro y seis preguntas cerradas, respectivamente, con cinco opciones de respuesta según una escala de Likert. Además, se plantearon dos preguntas abiertas en cada cuestionario. Por parte del profesorado, la valoración fue en una reunión de coordinación de la asignatura tras finalizar el período lectivo. Resultados: Las encuestas de satisfacción las respondió el 71% de los alumnos (68/95). La falta de asistencia no sufre variación significativa en ambas situaciones con respecto a la asistencia a las clases teóricas y prácticas, pero sí los motivos causantes de ausencia: los primeros fueron principalmente profesionales, y los segundos, de conectividad. El alumnado valora la docencia teórica presencial frente a la telemática de forma muy parecida, mientras que, a nivel práctico, sigue prefiriendo la presencialidad, lo que coincide con el profesorado. Conclusión: Esta evaluación permite constatar que la docencia teórica de la asignatura por vía telemática es viable, siempre y cuando el alumnado disponga de una buena conectividad, pero no así la parte práctica, donde la presencialidad es imprescindible actualmente.(AU)

Introduction: During the 2019-2020 academic year, and due to the situation caused by COVID-19, Human Neuroanatomy (4th semester- Degree of Medicine- University of Zaragoza) which under conditions of normality combines in-person theory and practice, had to consider itself in a telematic way by providing students with teaching materials through intranet ADD (Digital Teaching Ring)- Moodle©, Instagram©, as well as tutoring via Google Meet©. Material and methods: In order to be able to check the degree of satisfaction of the theoretical teaching- face-to-face versus telematic teaching, 2 questionnaires were carried out by the students (pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19), of 4 and 6 closed questions respectively, with 5 answer options, according to Likert scale. In addition, 2 open questions were raised in each questionnaire. On the part of the teachers, was valued in a coordination meeting of the subject, after the end of the teaching period: Results: Satisfaction surveys were answered by 71% of students (68/95). The lack of attendance does not suffer a significant variation in both situations, but the reasons that have led to the absence, being the first being mainly professional, and the second reasons for connectivity. Students value in-person theoretical teaching versus telematics in a very similar way, while on a practical level, they continue to prefer face-to-face, coinciding with the teachers. Conclusion: This evaluation confirms that the theoretical teaching of the subject via telematics is viable, as long as the students have good connectivity, but not the practical part, where attendance is essential today.(AU)

Periodontal and Dental Status in Packs of Spanish Dogs.

While periodontal disease (PD) is the most common canine oral pathology, its prevalence varies according to diagnosis methodology, breed, and age. We intended to increase understanding of canine PD by studying dogs that are managed in a specific way: pack dogs in Spain. They received a mixed diet (home-prepared food, commercial dry food, stale bread and bones). Thirty-two conscious individuals from two packs of dogs in Northeastern Spain (30/32 crossbred hunting dogs and 2/32 Siberian Husky; 26 males and 6 females; 27.75 ± 5.807 kgs; 5.48 ± 2.818 years) received visual dental examination for assessment of absent teeth (AT), dental calculus (DC) grade, gingival recession (GR), periodontal disease (PD), tooth fracture (TF), and dental attrition (DA). DC was the most prevalent oral problem (75%), followed by TF/DA (68.75%), AT (34.37%), GR (31.25%), and, finally, PD (15.62%). Low individual affectation values were found for AT, GR, and PD (<1 tooth/individual); mean DC grade per individual was 0.06 ± 0.063; and TF and DA were found in 1.63 and 4.72 teeth/individual, respectively. Low prevalence and extent of PD was attributed to diagnosis methodology, bodyweight effect, breed, and, ultimately, diet. Individuals affected by DC remained under veterinary surveillance due to PD development.

El juego como factor motivador en la enseñanza de la anatomía humana / Game as a motivating factor in the teaching of human anatomy

INTRODUCCIÓN: Con la llegada a la universidad de una nueva generación de alumnos, la 'generación Z', considerada como la primera generación nativa digital, se hace necesario implantar nuevas metodologías docentes en el ámbito universitario para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y conseguir una mayor motivación en el alumno. Para ello, el uso de nuevas tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación ha permitido dinamizar estos procesos y aumentar la motivación del alumnado en todos los niveles educativos, incluyendo la docencia universitaria. SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: Utilización de la aplicación educativa Kahoot a través de dispositivos móviles, con los alumnos matriculados de la asignatura de 'Anatomía Humana II (Esplacnología)', de segundo curso del Grado de Medicina en la Universidad de Zaragoza. RESULTADOS: El impacto que la experiencia ha causado en los estudiantes se ha medido a través de encuestas de valoración cualitativas, analizando sus resultados de aprendizaje. Estos resultados han sido valorados de manera muy positiva por el alumnado, tanto en lo referente a utilidad en la enseñanza-aprendizaje como a motivación. CONCLUSIÓN: Kahoot es una herramienta digital interactiva, gratuita y de manejo sencillo tanto para el docente como para los alumnos, que permite que éstos mejoren en su aprendizaje haciendo uso de nuevas tecnologías y se sientan así más motivados

INTRODUCTION: The need to face a new generation of students, the 'Z generation', considered as the first digital native generation, makes it necessary to implement new teaching methodologies in the university field to improve the teaching-learning process and above all achieve greater motivation in the student. To this end, the use of new information and communication technologies has enabled the dynamics of these processes and increasing student motivation at all educational levels, including university teaching. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Use of the Kahoot educational app was raised through mobile devices as an innovative tool that enhances motivation and learning process, participating students enrolled in the subject of 'Human Anatomy II (Esplacnology)', second course of the Degree of Medicine in the University of Zaragoza. RESULTS: The impact that the experience has caused students has been studied through qualitative assessment surveys, analyzing the learning outcomes obtained by students. The results achieved in terms of implementation of these new teaching-learning methodologies have been valued by students, in a very positive way both at the level of usefulness in learning teaching and at the level of motivation. CONCLUSION: Kahoot is an interactive digital tool, free and easy to use for both teachers and students, and which allows the latter to improve their learning using new technologies, feeling more motivated

Involvement of intracellular signaling in the IL-1ß inhibitory effect on fructose intestinal absorption.

A variety of bacteria and their excreted/secreted products having direct effects on epithelial ion transport and permeability and the release of cytokines during bacterial infection may impact directly on epithelial function. Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) is a pleiotropic cytokine that affects the intestinal absorption of nutrients. The aim of this work was to study the intracellular signaling pathways involved in the inhibitory effect of IL-1ß on D-fructose intestinal transport in rabbit jejunum and Caco-2 cells. The results show that the cytokine inhibitory effect was completely reversed in presence of proteasome or PKC selective inhibitors in IL-1ß treated rabbits. In addition, the activation of PI3K abolished the IL-1ß effect. Likewise, these results were confirmed in Caco-2 cells. In addition, p-PI3K expression was increased by IL-1ß-treatment whereas the expression of p-PKCα was not significantly affected. In summary, the results suggest that IL-1ß could regulate the activation of pPKCα 73, pPI3K 55, and NF-kB proteins. These events could exert an inhibitory effect on fructose intestinal absorption by a modification of GLUT5 insertion to brush-border membrane and/or the functional transporter activity. This effect is independent of hormonal milieu and nervous stimuli.

Nitric oxide involved in the IL-1ß-induced inhibition of fructose intestinal transport.

Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by cells of the immune system and a large variety of other cell types including endothelial cells. It is released during inflammatory and infectious diseases, and possesses a wide spectrum of autocrine, paracrine and endocrine activities. The aim of this work was to examine the IL-1ß effect on D-fructose transport across rabbit jejunum and try to identify the mediators implicated in this process. A sepsis condition was induced for 90 min after intravenous (iv) administration of IL-1ß and body temperature was recorded. Studies on cellular intestinal integrity have not shown modifications of the epithelium and the basement membrane. D-fructose intestinal transport was studied in rabbit jejunum from control and treated animals and it was reduced in the latter ones. This cytokine decreased both the mucosal to serosal transepithelial flux and the transport across brush-border membrane vesicles of D-fructose. The inhibition was reversed by L-NAME (nitric oxide [NO] synthase inhibitor), but not by indomethacin (cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 inhibitor). Both inhibitors were administered iv 15 min before the IL-1ß. The protein levels of GLUT5 were not changed in all animal groups and those of mRNA were even increased. In summary, these findings indicate that IL-1ß, at the time assayed, induced a significant reduction in the relative intrinsic activity of GLUT5 and in this decrease are involved NO signalling pathways. In this way, blockage of D-fructose intestinal uptake by IL-1ß may be playing an essential role in the pathophysiology of septic shock.